Published analysis

Mental-Health Education and Careers

Social work produced the most awards, while four mental-health pathways differed in credential level, pay, growth, and licensing context.

EduInsightsPublished September 1, 2026 · Public data team
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How does recent award output differ across four mental-health education fields?

For awards conferred from July 2024 through June 2025, social work reported 34,481 master’s awards and 17,764 bachelor’s awards. Counselor education and school counseling reported 11,449 master’s awards, clinical psychology 3,412, and psychiatric nursing 2,513 master’s awards plus 2,265 post-master’s certificates. The release is provisional.

How complete is the College Scorecard earnings coverage?

The broader social-work master’s field had 273 published earnings records, 72 privacy-protected records, and 48 unavailable records. The broader clinical, counseling, and applied psychology field had 275 published, 343 protected, and 66 unavailable. Because the outcome period is not exposed, the report describes coverage and omits the dollar estimates.

How do connected careers differ in wages, openings, and typical entry education?

Clinical and counseling psychologists had a $100,580 May 2025 median wage and 4,800 projected annual openings; typical entry education is a doctoral or professional degree. The broader counseling occupation had a $59,350 median and 48,300 openings; typical entry education is a master’s degree. Registered-nurse figures provide context, not a psychiatric-nursing-specific estimate.

What do licensing records and observed Claude use add?

Licensing records span many jurisdictions but cannot establish program compliance or individual eligibility. Observed Claude.ai activity ranged from 0% for healthcare social workers to 0.74% for clinical and counseling psychologists. Product use does not predict displacement, productivity, or future employment.

What does the combined evidence say about mental-health education and careers?

Mental-health education pathways differ by field and credential

Social work reported the most awards among the four exact fields examined in 2025.

The career mappings describe preparation links. They do not measure graduate placement, licensing eligibility, or employment probability.

Most reported awards were graduate credentials

Colleges reported 34,481 social-work master’s awards and 17,764 bachelor’s awards in 2025.

Counselor education and school counseling reported 11,449 master’s awards in 2025.

Clinical psychology reported 3,412 master’s awards in 2025.

Psychiatric and mental-health nursing reported 2,513 master’s awards and 2,265 post-master’s certificates in 2025.

IPEDS reported these awards for exact fields. The records do not establish current offerings or licensing eligibility.

The 2025–26 IPEDS release was provisional and was published July 21, 2026.

Scorecard earnings cover broader fields

College Scorecard earnings apply to broader fields at each college and credential level. They are not exact-program outcomes.

The broader social-work master’s field had 273 published earnings records. Another 72 were privacy-protected, and 48 were unavailable.

The broader clinical, counseling, and applied psychology master’s field had 275 published records. Another 343 were privacy-protected, and 66 were unavailable.

The summary measure is an unweighted median of published college medians. It is not a national graduate median.

The records do not provide the Scorecard release date or earnings-cohort period. Therefore, earnings amounts are omitted.

Connected careers differ in wages, openings, and entry education

Clinical and counseling psychologists had a $100,580 median annual wage in May 2025.

BLS projects 4,800 average annual openings for this occupation during 2024–34.

Its typical entry education is a doctoral or professional degree. This does not define licensing requirements.

The broader counseling occupation had a $59,350 median wage and 48,300 projected annual openings.

Its typical entry education is a master’s degree.

Healthcare social workers had a $67,880 median wage and 18,400 projected annual openings.

Mental-health and substance-abuse social workers had a $60,280 median wage and 13,500 projected annual openings.

Registered Nurses provide broader workforce context for psychiatric nursing. Their median wage was $97,550, with 189,100 projected annual openings.

Those figures are not specific to Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses.

BLS reports typical entry education here. It does not provide work-experience or on-the-job-training requirements in these records.

Licensing records remain career-specific

The October 2024 snapshot links 134 license records to clinical and counseling psychologists across 52 jurisdictions.

Mental-health counselors have 92 linked license records across 51 jurisdictions.

Healthcare social workers have 187 linked records across 51 jurisdictions.

Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses have 55 linked records across 40 jurisdictions.

These totals count published administrative records. A jurisdiction can have multiple records.

The records cannot determine program compliance with licensing rules or individual eligibility.

Observed AI use does not predict employment effects

Claude.ai activity was observed for all six detailed career records from May 1 through June 1, 2026.

Observed usage ranged from 0% for Healthcare Social Workers to 0.74% for Clinical and Counseling Psychologists.

These percentages describe observed Claude.ai interactions in the source population. They do not measure universal occupational use.

They cannot determine worker replacement, job losses, or future employment effects.

The data show reported awards, broader-field earnings coverage, workforce measures, licensing records, and observed AI activity.

They do not establish shortages, placement, causality, or AI-related employment effects.

Clinical and counseling psychologists had the highest 2025 median wage among these connected career records

Six labeled career records compare May 2025 median annual wages. Clinical and Counseling Psychologists has the highest displayed wage at $100,580. Registered Nurses context is $97,550 for both the general nursing role and the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses specialty record. Each downloadable row retains the detailed role label and the separate workforce occupation label.

Clinical and counseling psychologists had the highest 2025 median wage among these connected career records — chart data
Licensed career recordMay 2025 median annual wageAnnual Openings Average 2024 2034Cip6Cip TitleEmployment 2024Employment 2034Onet Soc CodeProjected Growth 2024 2034 PctRole ScopeStructural Mapping ConfidenceStructural Mapping MethodStructural Mapping WeightStructural Soc6Structural Soc TitleTypical Entry EducationWorkforce Measure ApplicabilityWorkforce Measure CoverageWorkforce Occupation TitleWorkforce Soc6
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists$100,580480042.2801Clinical Psychology.763008480019-3033.0011.2Direct field-to-SOC link and matching general detailed O*NET role.highofficial_cip2020_soc20180.333333333333333319-3033Clinical and Counseling PsychologistsDoctoral or professional degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedClinical and Counseling Psychologists19-3033
Healthcare Social Workers$67,8801840044.0701Social Work.19320020810021-1022.007.7Direct field-to-SOC link and matching general detailed O*NET role.highofficial_cip2020_soc20180.111111111111111121-1022Healthcare Social WorkersMaster's degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedHealthcare Social Workers21-1022
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers$60,2801350044.0701Social Work.13680015010021-1023.009.7Direct field-to-SOC link and matching general detailed O*NET role.highofficial_cip2020_soc20180.111111111111111121-1023Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersMaster's degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers21-1023
Mental Health Counselors$59,3504830051.1508Mental Health Counseling/Counselor.48350056460021-1014.0016.8Direct counseling field-to-SOC link; BLS measures use the current aggregate counseling occupation.highofficial_cip2020_soc2018121-1014Mental Health CounselorsMaster's degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedSubstance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors21-1018
Registered Nurses$97,55018910051.3810Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing.3391000355710029-1141.004.9Direct field-to-SOC link and general registered-nurse detailed O*NET role.highofficial_cip2020_soc20180.333333333333333329-1141Registered NursesBachelor's degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedRegistered Nurses29-1141
Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses$97,55018910051.3810Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing.3391000355710029-1141.024.9Psychiatric-nursing O*NET specialization; BLS measures are broader Registered Nurses context.highofficial_cip2020_soc20180.333333333333333329-1141Registered NursesBachelor's degreeObserved for the workforce SOC shown.observedRegistered Nurses29-1141
Six labeled career records compare May 2025 median annual wages. Clinical and Counseling Psychologists has the highest displayed wage at $100,580. Registered Nurses context is $97,550 for both the general nursing role and the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses specialty record. Each downloadable row retains the detailed role label and the separate workforce occupation label.

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